The world we live in is growing increasingly fast-paced, stressful, and filled with responsibility. Because of this, everyone needs some time to relax and have some recreation. Our modern way of life also tends to be sedentary, and the meals we eat are often not very healthy. Exercise is a very important component in renewing us. For these reasons, sports recreation activities are some of the best recreation we can choose. There are many options for hobbies to provide sports recreation. You may even want to learn some new recreational sports skills.
Courses to learn new sports recreation skills can be found online and in larger cities. You can learn and participate in team sports through the local Y and other organizations. Team sports recreation activities you might like to participate in include softball, baseball, basketball, and sometimes soccer for younger people. Another team sport you might enjoy is bowling. Regardless of your skill level you can find a bowling team to have fun with.
Individual sports recreation activities you can learn and participate in include golf, tennis, running, aerobic dance, gymnastics, and horseback riding. Don't overlook bicycling and weight training too. Many of these sports can be learned at the local Y as well. For some of these, you'll want to have a friend to play against or share the exerience with. Many runners, for instance, like to run with a friend. And games like tennis and handball really need cooperation for best results.
If you'd rather, you can learn about sports recreation skills online. You can find courses to teach almost any sport or activity you can think of including underwater hockey, fly-fishing, and para-gliding in the Alps! Of course, unless you can get some hands-on experience you'll only have the theories of the sport. Still, online courses are a good way to get a taste of different sports and recreational activities you might someday want to try out.
A really fun sports recreation game you might get a chance to play is ping pong. Ping pong, or table tennis as it is sometimes called, is played on a table with rubber coated paddles and extremely lightweight plastic balls. You must hit the ball with your paddle so that it strikes the table and clears the net before your opponent strikes it and bounces it back to you. One way to become more adept at ping pong and increase your chance of winning is to sometimes hit the ball harder than at other times. This keeps your opponent guessing what you will do next.
Sports recreation activities are a great way to get exercise and relieve stress. They are also a lot of fun. Whether with friends or alone, everyone needs a favorite sports recreation to take part in.
Summary:
The language for all aviators and air traffic control officers (ATCOs) who wish to operate internationally is English. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has produced a creditable and expansive manual, which details future English-language communication requirements for aircraft operators. Those requirements come into effect on 5 March 2008.
The ICAO document, which details the English-language proficiency requirements is, to all intents and purposes, a S...
Keywords:
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Article Body:
The language for all aviators and air traffic control officers (ATCOs) who wish to operate internationally is English. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has produced a creditable and expansive manual, which details future English-language communication requirements for aircraft operators. Those requirements come into effect on 5 March 2008.
The ICAO document, which details the English-language proficiency requirements is, to all intents and purposes, a Statement of Requirement. Training providers Worldwide, and the aviation industry as a whole, therefore need to adapt to meet the demand and the challenge faced by all concerned. The requirement is to raise standards in aviation communications globally, commonly referred to as Aviation English. However, there needs to be greater understanding that the term 'Aviation English' covers a considerably wider field of knowledge and expertise than many currently appreciate. The following is designed to provide some indication as to the degrees of enormity and complexity that the industry faces in contributing to, and in meeting the task of imposing safe English-language communication skills among aircraft operators World-wide.
Pilots and ATCOs are at the front line of aircraft operations. The extent of the training that these personnel have to endure to achieve full operational status is enormous. Training can extend to periods of up to 2 years in the case of pilots and tends to comprise one long, uninterrupted process. In the case of ATCOs, however, because of the different specialisations involved in that function and their varying degrees of complexity, training tends to be conducted in phases, as controllers' progress through their individual career paths and gain experience in the different specialisations open to them. In both cases, training is ongoing, not only because of the degree of knowledge required, due to ever-changing working locations, but also because of the continual updating of the equipment in use, ongoing revisions to the rules and regulations, and also frequent changes in the air traffic operating environment.
Following a rigorous selection process, whereby only very small percentages of individuals actually have the aptitude to be successful pilots or ATCOs, there begins a learning process that is extensive in respect of the degree of fundamental knowledge required by aircraft operators in a wide range of fields. In addition to the many practical skills required to perform their respective roles, pilots and ATCOs require extensive knowledge of the following: meteorology; physics; geography; navigation; maps and charts; theory of flight; mechanics; aircraft construction; airframes and engines; electrics, electronics and avionics; instrumentation; hydraulics; rules of the air; aviation rules and regulations, both in the air and on the ground; and air traffic control regulations. Aircraft operators are also required to have a precise and unambiguous knowledge and understanding of the following: a vast range of aviation-related definitions, some straight-forward, others quite complex; a wide range of very precise and unambiguous phraseology, to cover all routine and non-routine situations; a plethora of aviation-specific abbreviations; and a vast array of aviation-related vocabulary, which most native speakers of English seldom use in everyday life. In addition, all aircraft operators require an appreciation of medicine, biology, and human performance limitations. Furthermore, all concerned with aircraft operations are required to undergo daily briefings, both oral and written, and have to read and fully understand numerous daily and periodical publications: for example, Flight Information Publications, which provide essential information and warnings related to flight safety, and Notices to Airmen, which provide information concerning daily changes within the aviation environment. Comprehending these documents would prove a significant challenge to any aircraft operator who is not a native speaker of English. In addition to speaking and listening skills in English, therefore, reading comprehension is a skill that should also be given emphasis in any Aviation English training syllabus.
To become a successful pilot or ATCO, one requires a very high degree of a particular type of aptitude, coupled with a supreme mental agility of many different kinds. However, it is important to note that the aptitude required to be a successful pilot, is very different to that required to be an effective and competent ATCO. Nevertheless, both professions require individuals to have the ability to be extremely calm under pressure, to multi-task both mentally and physically, and to assimilate information quickly and effectively and to act upon it correctly and decisively. At the end of their rigorous and lengthy process of training, and when they have achieved full operational status, these individuals possess a wealth of knowledge and have well-honed and acute mental and physical skills. However, even fully-trained and experienced, pilots and ATCOs are continually operating at the extremes of effective human capability, whereby everyday, decisions they make as individuals can, in many cases, mean the difference between life and death for others. Therefore, at any stage within this ongoing process of professional development, to expect an aircraft operator to repeat the entire very demanding and complex training process in a second language, is a daunting prospect. Indeed, it is hard to assimilate the degree of difficulty involved, because, yet another factor comes into play: that of an individual's degree of aptitude as a linguist.
When assessing the operational and international requirement within the aviation community for precise and accurate communications in English, both in the air and on the ground, there are several factors to be considered: the vast array of different communications and means of communication in use; the skills necessary to communicate effectively, by which ever means; and the difficulties faced by non-native speakers of English, who require to perfect those communication skills, with all their inherent complexities, in a second language. Those concerned face an extremely difficult and daunting task.
